Elaboração e validação de gerontotecnologia educacional para pessoas idosas com dependência funcional no domicílio

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging contributes to an increase in morbidities and a decrease in functional capacity. Knowing the aspects that limit functional independence is significant for determining the individualized care plan. Thus, the insertion of technologies in the context of health education complements the actions performed by nurses for elderly people with functional dependence. Objective: Build a model-type educational technology with the components of a “Safe Home for the Elderly”, Validate gerontotechnology - model; Write the text of the educational technology in the booklet type for children and youth; Validate the booklet in terms of content and illustrations. Material and Methods: For the model - Product 1 - a methodological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was used, which included the development of three-dimensional gerontotechnology of the model type, carried out in the Federal District between April/2021 and May/2022, being elaborated in three phases: 1) elaboration of a plan low; 2) operationalization; and 3) technology validation. In the 3rd phase, 12 health professionals participated, in accordance with the established prerequisites. In Product 2 - Validation of mock-up technology - the appearance and content were validated by completing a structured questionnaire and Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥ 70% and reliability. Data analyzes were performed using Excel (Microsoft Office Professional Plus, 2013) and IBM (International Business Machines Corporation)/SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 2015) program. casa", illustrated with 12 pages, from the series "Grandma knows everything", written in a playful language, occurred in order to facilitate the access and interpretation of the children and youth public and contribute to the perception in relation to the care of grandparents and parents with all environments that make up a traditional home. It is made according to the recommendations for the elaboration and effectiveness of educational technologies in four stages, namely: 1. Text elaboration; 2. Research and definition of images; and 3. Layout and diagramming, and these the last two steps will be carried out by an illustrator and graphic. Validation of the technology-booklet: The booklet was validated by 15 expert judges. The Content Validity Index (IV) was used C) for each item in the Content and Language Primer and the concordance index for each item in the Drawing and Layout Primer. For the CVI, the average value was used, with the responses: 'agree' and 'totally agree' being considered adequate, assigning a value of 1 to them. The CVI corresponds to the average of the item values. For the evaluation of the content, language, drawings and layout, from a Likert-type scale with scores ranging from 1 to 4. For the evaluation of the educational booklet questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, whose coefficient values vary between 0 and 1. Results: The evaluation of Product 1 - model - by specialists revealed a CVI of 0.840 for the instrument, whose items ranged from 0.667 to 1.000, demonstrating acceptability for all evaluated items. Agreement ranged from 73% (kitchen) to 98% (technology). Cronbach's alpha presented reliability indexes of 0.916 (95% CI 0.828 – 0.971), indicating very high reliability and consistency of the evaluated questionnaire. For the evaluation of Product 2 - booklet, the CVI of 0.900 was used, with the items with the lowest CVI values: Literary presentation 0.889; - Readability and printing characteristics 0.805; - Sufficiently specific and comprehensive material 0.889. The Cronbach's alpha for the evaluation questionnaire of the educational booklet for children and young people entitled "Welcoming grandma at home" was: 0.921 (95% CI 0.845 - 0.971), which shows very high reliability of the evaluated questionnaire. It also resulted in the creation of a scientific article entitled: “Elaboration and Validation of Educational Gerontotechnology for Elderly People with Functional Dependence at Home”. Conclusion: The validated three-dimensional gerontotechnology was successful and represents a potentiating resource in nursing educational practices, confirming its suitability/reliability as a guiding instrument and making the interventions of health professionals more visible/understandable for elderly people with different degrees of functional dependence and different conditions. The booklet also plays an important role for younger people who live with the elderly and/or do not serceive/participate in the necessary adaptations at home, either due to lack of knowledge or lack of engagement in the necessary changes.